Draw a line between the stem and the leaves. Therefore the stem is a list of numbers from 0 to 4. In the maximum value of 41, there are 4 tens. In the minimum value of 1, there are 0 tens. In this example, the stem will be the tens place value column. The stem is made from all of the digits in the numbers except for the final digit. Create the stem by listing the first digits of the numbers. The minimum value is 1 and the maximum value is 41. Identify the minimum and maximum values in the data. ![]() Create a key by writing an example to explain the diagram.įor example, make a stem and leaf plot to represent the following data showing the ages of people who at a park.ġ5, 1, 28, 7, 5, 33, 41, 4, 10, 35, 24, 2, 32, 6, 11, 4, 12, 5, 37, 30.Represent the numbers from smallest to largest by writing the final digit of each number in the correct leaf.Draw a line between the stem and the leaves.Create the stem by listing the first digits of the numbers.Identify the minimum and maximum values in the data.Keys are particularly useful if the numbers being represented contain many digits, units or are made from decimal numbers. A key is made by writing out one example from the diagram, including units. When making a stem and leaf diagram, a key must always be included. Stem and leaf plots are used to display numerical data written as a list.Ī stem and leaf plot displays all data values and this allows the mode to be easily read. The numbers in a stem and leaf diagram must be listed in order.Ī stem and leaf plot is read by combining the digits in the stem with the digit in the leaf. A stem and leaf plot is used to organise data visually so that the distribution, skew, outliers and mode can easily be seen. Each number is written with its first digits in the ‘stem’ and its final digit listed in the ‘leaf’. In addition, if you set the argument back.to.back as FALSE, the plots won’t be displayed back-to-back: (data, data2, back.to.A stem and leaf plot is a table in which numbers are represented by one digit, listed in order. Other interesting function of the aplpack package is that allows you to compare two stem and leaf plots with the function, that by default plots a back-to-back (two sided) stem and leaf display: # install.packages("aplpack") stem(data, scale = 3) The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |Ĭomparative (back to back) stem and leaf diagram in R In this example, the first of the duplicated stem shows the leafs corresponding to values lower than 5 and the second the leafs corresponding to values equal or higher to 5. ![]() Note that if you set scale = 3, each stem will be duplicated. In order to solve this issue you can change the height of the plot with the scale argument as follows: stem(data, scale = 2) The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the | This is due to the stems are grouped (the first stem is for 0 and 1, the second for 2 and 3, and so on). However, you may have noticed that the output is not equal to the example we reviewed in the first section. Note that, to clarify, in the comments we show the corresponding values to each stem. The output is the text displayed in the following block. ![]() You can create a simple stem plot typing: stem(data) It should be noted that if the input argument contains non-finite or missing values they are not taken into account. The syntax of the function is as follows: stem(x, # Numeric vector The stem function allows you to create a stem and leaf plot in R.
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